Annotated Bibliography Five Year Horizon For K-12 Schools - 550 Words

Annotated Bibliography: Five Year Horizon For K-12 Schools (Annotated Bibliography Sample) Content: Annotated BibliographyStudents NameInstitutional AffiliationAnnotated BibliographyAdams, B. S., Freeman, A., Giesinger H. C., Cummins, M., Yuhnke, B. (2016). NMC/CoSN horizon report: 2016 K-12 edition. Austin, Texas: The New Media Consortium.This report examines the five-year horizon for K-12 schools in the world, with a specific focus on identifying technologies and trends driving change, the challenges being experienced, and the potential solutions. The authors examine six trends identified by an expert panel and categorized into short-, long-, and mid-term trends, which are likely to have a lasting impact on leadership, policy, and practice. The two long-term trends are redesigning learning spaces and rethinking how schools work. The mid-term trends entail collaborative learning and deeper learning approaches. Finally, short-term trends encompass implementing coding as a form of literacy and perceiving learners as creators.Concerning problematic areas, the authors identify solvable challenges including rethinking teachers roles and improving authentic learning experiences. In contrast, the difficult challenges encompass scaling teaching innovations and advancing digital equity. The report also acknowledges the diverse nature of the field of technology and provides areas where innovation could be pursued with the help of internet technologies, consumer technologies, digital strategies, learning technologies, visualization, social media, and enabling technologies.Finally, the authors conclude the report by exploring the use and implementation timeframe for the wearable technologies, artificial intelligence, virtual reality, robotics, online learning, and makerspaces. The report, as a whole, is an important resource to me as a future teacher since it offers practical ideas regarding the utilization of technology to enhance learning. What stood out for me is that the authors were able to cover virtually everything relating to the inclusion of te chnology in learning in a brief manner.Dawley, L., Dede. C. (2014). Situated learning in virtual worlds and immersive simulations. In J.M. Spector, M.D Merrill, J. Elen, M.J. Bishop (Eds.), The handbook of research for educational communications and technology (4th ed.). New York: Springer.In this article, the authors explore the emerging immersive simulations and virtual worlds that are designed in a manner that supports student learning by providing opportunities for collaborative, compelling, and participatory experiences. The advantage of these technologies is that they offer some form of a real world, which is critical in improving learners involvement. Essentially, situated learning occurs when a learner experiences a setting or an environment that has its own physical, social, and cultural variables. Consequently, immersive technologies offer alternative learning contexts due to the broad virtual contexts available.One of the exciting discussions in the article is the debat e regarding whether virtual worlds are educative or merely for entertainment purposes. In their view, the authors offer some of the features of immersive technologies that would make one educational. They also give suggestions regarding the age-appropriate virtual worlds that a teacher could implement. In spite of all the benefits of virtual worlds, there are a number of limitations such as access problems, technical issues, suitability, and the difficulty of aligning design and learning goals. In my future work as a teacher, I hope to utilize virtual worlds and immersive simulations to improve student outcome and the article offers practical suggestions that a teacher could use.Dunleavy, M., Dede, C. (2014). Augmented reality teaching and learning. In J.M. Spector, M.D Merrill, J. Elen, ...

The Representation of African American Women in Native Son - Literature Essay Samples

In the Native Son, Richard Wright cultivates supporting characters as threats to the main character Bigger in ways that range from being highly significant to extremely minimal. In analyzing the way the African American women are represented in the novel we see a common negative feeling shared by Bigger towards them. Feminist scholar Trudier Harris argument that the black women in this story are portrayed as a â€Å"stiflers for Biggers dreams for freedom and success† is something that entirely true and is sexist as well as demeaning on Wrights behalf. Beginning with Biggers interactions with his mother, readers are able to recognize Biggers feeling that his mother’s sole purpose is to scowl at him and ridicule him for his shortcomings. He has constant feeling of hate towards his mother and feel as if she is the reason that he isn’t destined for greatness because it is her â€Å"foul attitude† towards him that keeps him in a state where he is mentally oppressed ultimately making him settle for being physically oppressed as well. In the novel Bigger always describes her as if she is a bother to him and nags a lot about the things he lacks. In the little moments that Ms. Thomas is shown in the story she always portrayed as having some type of animosity or anger towards Bigger, due to Wright portraying her this way he is reinforcing the racist and demeaning idea of the â€Å" angry black woman† stereotype. Also, Ms. Thomas’ sole issue with Bigger is that he is not financially providing for their fami ly, reinforcing the idea that women need to be dependent on men and are unable to efficiently provide for their family. Although Biggers interactions with his younger sister Vera are very short, readers are able add these interactions to the growing case showing Biggers and Wrights underlying sexist attitudes specifically to African American women. In the story Vera is represented as a very scared character who also represents someone who is a nuisance to Bigger. Bessie’s character also falls into the similar persona that Wright has made for all of the female characters in the novel. She nags at Bigger and ridicules him of his shortcomings, and mistakes. She shows a great amount of dependence on Bigger like all the other black women in the story however, Bessie proves to not only be the weakest black women but the weakest character in the whole entire novel. Throughout Biggers scheme to get money from the Daltons and run away from his crime Bessie is portrayed as a crying wreck, who does nothing but sob and sob about the mess Bigger has gotten her into. â€Å" She ran to the bed, fell upon it and sobbed.† With her mouth all twisted and her eyes wet, she asked in gasps† ( pg 225) Although her reaction could be considered reasonable for someone in her position I see it as Wright intentionally making her as a weak character who does not know how to deal with problems in a way that will benefit her. For the sake of such character analysis, it is also important to consider what Bigger and Bessie’s relationship is based off on a fulfillment of one another’s personal wants. Bigger only comes to Bessie when he need comfort and sex and Bessie only seems to be invested in Bigger when he provides her with alcohol or money. Although the relationship is detrimental to both characters Wright frames the story to make it that Bessie is the weaker one who brings a larger sense of harm onto Biggers path. For example in the novel it states â€Å" A woman was a dangerous burden when a man was running away. He had read of how men had been caught because of women, and he did not want that to happen to him. But, if, yes, but if he told her, yes, just enough to get her to work with him?†. Bessie proved to be the â€Å" burden† he thought about prior to him making the choice to run away from the murder hes committed. Also on page 225, Bigger acknowledges that if he were to leave Bessie behind he knows that she is too weak and naive to keep her guard up against police if they questioned her about Bigger whereabouts, this also shows the weakness of Bessies character. When thinking about the overarching idea of survival that is shown in this novel we see that Wright believes that black women stand as an obstacle in the progression of black men. He writes these black women not as actually characters but reasons- reasons as to why Bigger acts the ways he acts and why Bigger views the world as he does. In doing this Wright proves himself to be extremely sexist by subtly pushing the message that black women (or even all women in the story) prove to be burdens, and roots of failure in Bigger’s life.